多水平集单周期电力系统频率测量方法及应用

电力系统频率测量存在精度与实时性无法同时满足的问题,因此提出一种多水平集单周期频率测量方法。首先采用数字低通滤波器滤除信号中的高频干扰,其次采用三次样条(not-a-knot)插值法对所设阈值附近的采样点进行重构,然后利用多个阈值与信号的交点进行频率估计,最后运用最优组合加权法得到电力系统频率估计结果。该方法是一种时域频率估计方法,具有计算量小、精度高的特点,可在单周期内实现电力系统频率的准确测量。仿真和实际测量实验结果验证了多水平集单周期频率测量方法的有效性和可行性。     

遥感机构数字伺服控制系统采样周期的确定

采样周期是影响数字伺服控制系统控制性能的很重要的因素之一,但采样周期的最终确定又是由很多因素共同决定的.香农采样定理给出了选择数字控制系统采样周期的指导原则,针对复杂的伺服控制系统设计远远不够.为了使离散系统的控制效果尽量接近于连续控制系统,采样周期应尽可能短,但是采样周期太短可能无法完成复杂的运动控制规律和控制算法.通过计算和分析发现,离散化过程中由于零阶保持器的引入而改变闭环系统极点的分布,有可能导致系统不稳定;采样周期值过大或者过小会使PID控制器的积分环节或者微分环节失效;干扰信号具有不同的频谱宽度和频率大小,所以为了有效的抑制干扰应根据不同干扰信号选择不同的采样周期值.     

Impact of stray inductances of the power loop on false trigger‐on in the zero‐voltage‐switching full‐bridge converter

Here, we propose an exhaustive theoretical investigation and experimental verification of the false trigger‐on phenomenon, which would lead to the interaction between the upper and lower devices during the switching transient, in the zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) full‐bridge converter. An equivalent model of the converter, which takes not only the parasitic capacitors of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors into account but also the stray inductances of the main circuit, is presented. Based on the model, a comprehensive study of the false trigger‐on phenomenon is carried out. According to the analysis results, the stray inductances of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors have negligible influence on the false trigger‐on phenomena since the soft‐switching is realized. The false trigger‐on phenomenon is induced by the stray inductances of the main circuit. Moreover, the arrangement of the switching sequence would cause significant discriminations in the false trigger‐on phenomena because of the specific working mode of the ZVS full‐bridge converter. According to the investigation results, optimization methods are presented to suppress the induced voltage. At last, the theoretical investigations are verified by tests of a ZVS full‐bridge converter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nano zero valent iron/modified semicoke composites for the removal of coal tar wastewater

ABSTRACT

The coal tar wastewater was treated by self-synthesized nano zero valent iron (NZVI)/modified semicoke composites. Phenol was employed as simulated sample due to high content of phenol in coal tar wastewater. The results show that the phenol removal rate started to rise with the increase of modified semicoke amount and aging time, reached maximum at certain value, and then began to decrease. With the reaction time extending, phenol removal rate increased gradually, while phenol removal rate came down gradually as the initial phenol concentration rise. The XPS, XRD, and SEM results indicate that NZVI with uniform size was well-distributed on the surface of modified semicoke.     

An improved under frequency load shedding strategy based on dynamic power flow tracing

Under frequency load shedding is an effective approach to maintain or restore the steady-state operation of the power system when frequency accidents occur. An improved under frequency load shedding strategy based on dynamic power flow tracking is proposed. The expression of the kinetic energy theorem in power system is derived and combined with the power flow tracing method to analyze the relation between system energy distribution and its frequency. The power system frequency influencing factors are then constructed and applied to find the reasons of frequency decline and to quantify the contributions of the mechanical power of the generators, the load power and the transmission losses for the frequency deviation. Finally, considering a variety of unbalanced power scenarios in the system, the modified load shedding strategy is designed. Based on the results of dynamic power flow tracing, the strategy can choose the suitable load node to control, and the defined load frequency contribution indicator is utilized to determine the load shedding amount which each control object undertakes. The proposed methodology is verified by the fault scenarios when the generator sets mistakenly cut off and the trip of important tie-lines in the IEEE 39-bus system. Compared with the conventional strategies, the proposed strategy is more selective, can reduce the blackout range, and improve the effect of stable frequency recovery.     

基于DVR的感应电动机柔性快速再启动方法

对感应电动机失电后存在的残压影响及其再启动的问题进行了研究,提出利用动态电压恢复器补偿一个幅值和相位逐渐变化的"柔性电压",保证电动机的供电电压在再启动初始时刻和残压相等,随后幅值逐渐增大、相位逐渐移动直到和电源电压相等,使得感应电动机可以快速再启动,同时可以大幅减小再启动过程中的冲击电流和冲击转矩。提出了一种无静差地跟踪"柔性电压"的控制方法,通过对比分析,说明所提控制方法具有简单、可靠、快速的特点;通过理论分析及软件仿真,证明了所提控制方法的有效性以及动态电压恢复器在感应电动机再启动方面应用的可行性。     

Removing noises caused by motion artefacts in microcirculation maps of human skin in vivo

This paper presents a zero‐padding and cross‐correlation technique‐based correlation mapping optical coherence tomography (ZPCC‐cmOCT) to reconstruct microcirculation maps of human skin in vivo, which can remove the background decorrelation noise caused by motion artefacts. In conventional correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method, the correlation degree of static tissue may be lowered by the motion artefacts due to cardiac and respiratory motion, resulting in background decorrelation noise in microcirculation maps. In zero‐padding and cross‐correlation technique‐based correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method, structural images are first obtained by performing Fourier transform on zero‐padded interference fringes, and then cross‐correlation‐based image registration is utilized to align local areas in two adjacent structural images. Finally, correlation mapping optical coherence tomography method is performed to generate microcirculation maps. Both phantom experiments and in vivo experiments were implemented and the results demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of providing microcirculation maps with the background decorrelation noise removed.     

Hidden failure identification and protection of multi‐grounding fault in secondary circuit of potential transformer

Hidden failures as potential faults in relay protection are lethal for power systems. Multi‐grounding fault in the secondary circuit of a potential transformer (PT) is a typical hidden failure. When this hidden fault happens, zero‐sequence voltage of computer relaying will shift. Then it will result in the mis‐operation of zero‐sequence directional protection, which may cause a cascading failure. In this paper, we analyze the impact on zero‐sequence directional protection caused by multi‐grounding fault first. Then in order to solve the problem, we analyze the characteristic of the affected voltage and current. We find that the zero‐sequence voltage of the special phase is in phase with its negative sequence voltage under normal circumstance, but this is not true in this hidden failure. As a consequence, we propose an identification method of multi‐grounding fault in a PT and a new zero‐sequence direction algorithm that can avoid the mis‐operation of the zero‐sequence directional protection. Finally, the results of simulation prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the identification method and the new zero‐sequence direction algorithm. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Life cycle emissions analysis of two nZEB concepts

The net-zero emissions building (nZEB) performance is investigated for building operation (EO) and embodied emissions in materials (EE) for Norway's cold climate. nZEB concepts for new residential and office buildings are conceived in order to understand the balance and implications between operational and embodied emissions over the building's life. The main drivers for the CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) emissions are revealed for both building concepts through a detailed emissions calculation. The influence of the CO₂e factor for electricity is emphasized and it is shown to have significant impact on the temporal evolution of the overall CO₂e emissions balance. The results show that the criterion for zero emissions in operation is easily reached for both nZEB concepts (independent of the CO₂e factor considered). Embodied emissions are significant compared to operational emissions. It was found that an overall emissions balance including both operational and embodied energy is difficult to reach and would be unobtainable in a scenario of low carbon electricity from the grid. In this particular scenario, the net balance of emissions alone is nonetheless not a sufficient performance indicator for nZEB.     

生态研究文献关键词分析对风景园林学科的启示

关键词分析是文献计量的一种方法。它能快速、客观和直观地了解某个学术领域的研究热点和趋势。随着人类对自然环境的重视,近年来有关生态的研究逐渐从纯粹的郊野自然走向城市自然。搜集了2004-2013年10年间《景观与城市规划》(Landscape and Urban Planning)期刊刊载的有关风景园林学生态方向的文献,将文献中的关键词按研究对象、研究方法以及研究热点进行统计和分类,提取出高频关键词,并根据文献摘要内容,对有关风景园林学科的生态研究进展进行了综述,总结出近10年期刊中有关风景园林学科生态研究热点,为掌握风景园林学科的发展动态提供依据。